AthleticsChampionshipsHeat
Heat indices during some World and European championships in athletics
GPL-3.0 License
Feels-like temperatures during European and World Championships in Athletics
Universal thermal heat indices during some World and European championships in athletics.
This repository contains meteorological data and analysis scripts for the following publications
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K Hollander, M Klöwer, A Richardson, L Navarro, S Racinais, V Scheer, A Murray, P Branco, T Timpka, A Junge and P Edouard, 2021. Apparent temperature and heat-related illnesses during international athletic championships: A prospective cohort study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 10.1111/sms.14029
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Klöwer, M, P Edouard, AM Niess, S Racinais, Y Pitsiladis, F Pappenberger and K Hollander, 2023. Forecasting feels-like temperatures to reduce heat illnesses during sport events, British Journal of Sports Medicine, 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106413
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Edouard, P, PE Dandrieux, M Klöwer, A Junge, S Racinais, P Branco, K Hollander, L Navarro, 2024. Association between feels-like temperatures and injury risk during international outdoor athletic championships: A prospective cohort study on 29,579 athletes’ starts during 10 championships, British Journal of Sports Medicine, accepted.
and was used for daily heat forecasts at the Tokyo Olympic Games, tweeted daily via twitter.com/HeatForecast. Also see the heat forecast for the Paris Olympic Games at github.com/heatforecast/heatforecast.github.io.
Events and stadium coordinates
| City | Year | Date | Location | Championship | UTC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Berlin | 2009 | 15-23 Aug | 52.5°N, 13.2°E | World | +2 |
| Daegu | 2011 | 27 Aug - 4 Sep | 35.8°N, 128.7°E | World | +9 |
| Helsinki | 2012 | 27 Jun - 1 Jul | 60.2°N, 24.9°E | European | +3 |
| Moscow | 2013 | 10-18 Aug | 55.7°N, 37.6°E | World | +4 |
| Zürich | 2014 | 12-17 Aug | 47.4°N, 8.5°E | European | +2 |
| Amsterdam | 2016 | 6-10 Jul | 52.3°N, 4.9°E | European | +2 |
| Berlin | 2018 | 6-12 Aug | 52.5°N, 13.2°E | European | +2 |
Data
From ERA5-Land hourly data at 0.1° resolution
- 2m temperature (t2m)
- 2m dew point temperature (d2m)
- 10m u-component of wind (u10)
- 10m v-component of wind (v10)
- Surface net solar radiation (ssr)
- Surface net thermal radiation (str)
- Surface pressure (sp)
- Surface solar radiation downwards (ssrd)
- Surface thermal radiation downwards (strd)
- Total precipitation (tp)
From ERA5 hourly data at 0.25° resolution
- High, medium and low cloud cover (hcc, mcc, lcc)
- Total sky direct solar radiation at surface (fdir)
The 0.25° ERA5 data was bilinearly interpolated on ERA5-Land's 0.1°-grid. The spatial resolution is only used for uncertainty estimation. The closest grid point to the stadium is used.
For data and scripts used in Edouard et al. 2024, see /bjsm2024.
The Universal Thermal Climate Index
The universal thermal climate index (UTCI) is calculated with the polynomial approximation from the pythermalcomfort package. The 2m temperature and wind speed (=sqrt(u^2+v^) are directly used from ERA5-Land, the 2m dew point temperature is converted to relative humidity using the August-Roche-Magnus formula. The mean radiant temperature is calculated following Di Napoli, 2020 from surface solar and thermal radiation (net and downward) from ERA5-Land and ERA5.
Example
