This repository is a hub for all people who want to help translate R into Brazilian Portuguese. This README is in English, but you can reach out to @ctlente on Twitter if you need any additional information about the project.
The goal of the pt-bR project is to bring together all people interested in helping translate the R language into Brazilian Portuguese If you use R a lot, we need your help!
Unlike other languages, R tries to display every message in the same language as the computer it's running on. In principle, this reduces R's barrier to entry; warnings and errors are very common in code written by beginners, so it's essential that these messages are as clear as possible.
Many other countries already have consolidated translation teams, but (maybe because of the complexity of the job) Brazil lacked any official collaborators. Nowadays, however, it's easier than ever to help with translations and that's why we wanted to collect our efforts on this page.
To help in the translation process, you need to:
#core-translations
channel;This is a living document that lists some common problems that come up when translating R to Brazilian Portuguese. Every suggestion here is open to debate and, if you disagree about something, simply create an issue or a new topic in the discussions tab.
R is a programming language that's almost 30 years old and, therefore, its messages were written by many people with very different writing styles. We should always follow Portuguese's grammar and orthography, including the new Spelling Reform, but we also want to preserve the original language as much as possible.
In English it is possible to omit many connectors without changing the meaning. The Italian and French teams usually restore these connectors when the alternative wouldn't sound as natural.
Maybe package installed with version of R newer than %s ?
Talvez o pacote tenha sido instalado com uma verso do R mais recente que %s ?
We also don't translate anything that is a technical term from R like, for example, function names, objects and arguments (usually between quotes).
'MARGIN' does not match dim(X)
'MARGIN' no corresponde a dim(X)
In exceptional situations, a function can be used as a verb. Following the French and Italian teams, the only solution is to completely reconstruct the sentence.
cannot xtfrm data frames
impossvel utilizar xtfrm em um data frame
The use of spaces and paragraphs in Portuguese is standardised and well established. R texts, however, have space and formatting limitations that are not always obvious when translating.
Most R messages have some kind of reference to the code that generated them. This happens through format specifiers and we need to keep them in the same order as they appear in the reference text.
%s and %s must have the same length
%s e %s devem ter o mesmo comprimento
If it's not possible to keep the same order, you need to specify the index of
the desired substitution with %n$<fmt>
(e.g. %1$s
, %2$s
, and so on).
Messages can also have special characters such as single quotes ('
), double
quotes ("
), tabs (\t
) and new lines (\n
), as well as extra spaces in
strange places. To maintain a standard, we don't change this type of formatting
even if its use is not strictly correct.
Conflicts attaching package %s:%s
Conflitos ao anexar pacote %s:%s
Unlike Portuguese, English does not specify grammatical gender. We will try to follow the Manual for Non Sexist Use of Language (in Portuguese) in translations as much as we can, but unfortunately that is not always possible.
Grammatical gender of arguments, acronyms and other nouns can usually be inferred by context. In the example below, we translate "DLL" as "a biblioteca de vnculo dinmico" (dynamic-link library).
DLL %s was not loaded
DLL %s no foi carregada
In the following example, although "scale" is a feminine noun in Portuguese, the masculine is used because it is replacing "argument", "o argumento", which is a masculine noun.
'scale' should be numeric or NULL
'scale' deve ser numrico ou NULL
In certain situations, we can simply ignore genders. In the following expression, we could translate "author" to "autor(a)", but there are alternatives that allow us to completely omit it.
Authors@R field gives no person with name and author role
Campo Authors@R no fornece nenhuma pessoa com nome e papel 'author'
In rare cases, the messeges references who doing the programming. In these cases, the best we can do without jeopardising comprehension or overly increasing the length of the sentence is to use "o(a)".
Not enough arguments passed to user macro '%s'
No foram passados argumentos suficientes para a macro '%s' do(a) usurio(a)
It's important to note that this strategy is not adopted by the French and Italian teams, who prefer to simply use the masculine term "usurio". Unless there is some guideline discouraging resources such as "o(a)", we believe that our standard is preferable.
Here we have put together some terms that appear repeatedly in R messages and which can be difficult to translate. If you have problems with a word that is not in the table below, look up the translation on Linguee or Wikipedia and let us know so we can include it in this section.
We have tried to use the most common versions of each term, but it's not always possible to keep a precise account. For example, if you are searching for "caching", the corresponding entry is "cache". The same word can also have several functions, such as "replacement", which simultaneously means "substituto" and "substituio".
Finally, we have chosen to keep some of the terms in English, as their translations are not widely used, but this perception is purely subjective; the words marked with an asterisk * are those that we ourselves are questioning.
Ingls | Portugus |
---|---|
abort | interromper |
alias | alias* |
allocate | alocar |
argument | argumento |
array | array |
assign | atribuir |
attach | anexar |
attribute | atributo |
backslash | barra invertida |
bind | associar / vincular |
bitmap | bitmap |
boxplot | boxplot |
break | limite de categoria (para histogramas) |
browser | navegador |
build | compilar |
bytecode | bytecode |
cache | cachear |
call | chamar |
callback | callback |
character string | string de caracteres* |
check | verificar |
chunk | bloco (de cdigo)* |
closure | closure |
codoc | codoc (da funo do R) |
coerce | fazer coero |
colortype | colortype |
console | console |
data frame | data frame |
database | base de dados |
dataset | conjunto de dados |
debug | depurar* |
defunct | extinto |
deparse | deparse |
deprecated | obsoleto |
detach | detach* |
device | dispositivo |
dispatch | despachar |
documentation object | objeto de documentao* |
download | baixar |
driver | driver |
drop | descartar |
encoding | codificao |
entry | registro / campo |
environment | ambiente |
evaluate | avaliar (por exemplo, eval() )*
|
factor | fator |
fifo | fifo (de first in, first out) |
file pointer | ponteiro de arquivo* |
file stream | stream de arquivo |
filename | nome do arquivo |
fit | ajustar |
flag | flag |
flush | esvaziar |
frame | quadro (para stack) / escopo (para call) |
handle | gerenciar |
hard-coded | hard-coded* |
history | histrico |
implement | implementar |
incoming checks | verificaes de recebimento* |
index | ndice |
invalid | invlido |
IO | IO |
label | rtulo |
lag | defasagem |
layout | layout* |
lazy loading | lazy loading* |
lazydata | lazydata |
leading minor | submatriz* |
length | comprimento |
library | biblioteca |
link | link |
locale | locale |
locator | localizador |
locking | travamento* |
logical | lgico (ao invs de booleano) |
macro | macro |
magic number | nmero mgico |
match | corresponder |
metafile | metafile |
mirror | espelho (por exemplo, do CRAN) |
mismatch | incompatvel |
missing | ausente |
modulus | mdulo |
multibyte | multibyte |
namespace | namespace* |
non-interactively | de forma no interativa |
non-numeric type | tipo no numrico |
numeric-alike | numrico ou similar* |
offending | problemtico |
offset | deslocar / compensar (depende do contexto) |
opcode | opcode |
outlier | outlier* |
overflow | overflow |
override | sobrescrever |
package | pacote |
pager | visualizador* |
pair list | lista pareada |
parse | analisar* |
path | caminho |
pipe | pipe |
pixmap | pixmap |
platform | plataforma |
polyline | polyline |
port | porta (por exemplo, 8080) |
portable | portvel |
profiling | anlise de desempenho |
profile | perfil (substantivo), perfilar (verbo) |
promise | promessa |
prompt | prompt |
proxy | proxy |
push back | voltar atrs |
quote symbol | smbolo de citao |
range | intervalo / limite (depende do contexto) |
raw | raw (para o tipo de dado) |
redraw | redesenhar |
regular expression | expresso regular |
replace | substituir |
report | reportar |
repository | repositrio |
require | requerer* |
return | retornar |
RNG | RNG |
role | papel* |
routine | rotina |
run | executar |
seal | selar |
search path | caminho de busca |
seed | semente |
seek | buscar |
sink | sink |
slash | barra |
slot | slot (termo do R)* |
snapshot | snapshot |
socket | soquete |
source | carregar |
splice | juntar |
stack | stack* |
standardizable | padronizvel |
startup | inicializao |
strict | rigoroso(a) |
subscript | ndice* |
subset | dividir em subconjuntos |
tag | etiqueta |
tag | tag* |
tangling | tangling* |
tarball | tarball |
template | modelo* |
thread | thread* |
timeout | limite de tempo |
timer | cronmetro |
timezone | fuso horrio |
top level | nvel superior |
traceback | traceback |
truncate | truncar |
unary operator | operador unrio |
unbind | desvincular |
underflow | underflow |
unlisted | no listado |
viewport | viewport |
vignette | vignette |
warning | alerta |
workspace | ambiente de trabalho |
wrapup | finalizao* |