webcam-to-cctv-using-rpi
In this project, we will use a webcam with Raspberry Pi to live stream wirelessly.
RPI PROJECT : WEBCAM WIRELESS STREAM
// PROJECT DESCRIPTION ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
In this project, we will use a webcam with Raspberry Pi to live stream wirelessly. However, it can also be
done with wired connection. The basic requirement is that both the Raspberry Pi and the device on which
live stream is to be viewed are connected with same network. Rather than using the Raspberry Pi camera
module, we can use a standard USB webcam to take pictures and video on the Raspberry Pi. This project can
be used for monitoring purposes. For eg- CCTV live surveillance camera.
// PRE-REQUISITE //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
1. Raspberry Pi (Tested with RPi 3)
2. Power Cable (5V, 2A)
3. Access to RPi Using SSH
4. Webcam (Tested with Quantum QHM495LM)
// BACKEND WORKING ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
We will use fswebcam app to capture images with RPi. fswebcam is a neat and simple webcam app. fswebcam
provides loop feature through which we can capture images in loop mode i.e. an image will be captured again
& again in specified time interval. We can take advantage of loop mode to stream it like a video instead of
still image.
For streaming purpose, we will use MJPG Streamer. mjpg-streamer is a command line application that copies
JPEG frames from one or more input plugins to multiple output plugins. It can be used to stream JPEG files
over an IP-based network from a webcam to various types of viewers such as Chrome, Firefox, VLC, mplayer,
and other software capable of receiving MJPG streams. MJPG streamer will take the image captured using
fswebcam to display it as a live webcam stream over an ip address which can be accessed by any device such
as smartphone, laptop, desktop, etc. connected to the same network as Raspberry Pi.
// LIVE STREAMING USING RASPBERRY PI ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
<STEP 1> INSTALL BUILD DEPENDENCIES
Open a new terminal window. To install the three libraries that MJPG-Streamer uses, execute the following
command:
$ sudo apt-get install libjpeg8-dev imagemagick libv4l-dev
<STEP 2> ADD MISSING VIDEODEV.H
The videodev.h header file that MJPG-Streamer needs has been replaced with a videodev2.h so we need to
create a symbolic link. A symbolic link is where a file in one directory acts as a pointer to a file in
another directory. To create symbolic link:
$ sudo ln -s /usr/include/linux/videodev2.h /usr/include/linux/videodev.h
<STEP 3> DOWNLOAD MJPG STREAMER
To download the source code of MJPG Streamer from terminal:
$ wget http://sourceforge.net/code-snapshots/svn/m/mj/mjpg-streamer/code/mjpg-streamer-code-182.zip
-> Sometimes, the method provided below to download source code fails. In that case,download it manually from this link - http://sourceforge.net/p/mjpg-streamer/code/HEAD/tarball
<STEP 4> UNZIP MJPG STREAMER SOURCE CODE
The downloaded file is a compressed zip file so we need to extract the files to built it. Put the file in
home directory(or a temporary folder, if you prefer) and run the following to extract the files:
$ unzip mjpg-streamer-code-182.zip
<STEP 5> INSTALL BUILD DEPENDENCIES
MJPG-Streamer comes with several plugins, but we only need a couple of them to stream video. The command
below only builds what's needed:
$ cd mjpg-streamer-code-182/mjpg-streamer
$ make mjpg_streamer input_file.so output_http.so
<STEP 6> INSTALL MJPG STREAMER
To install the mjpg streamer, execute the following commands which will copy all the necessary into system
directories:
$ sudo cp mjpg_streamer /usr/local/bin
$ sudo cp output_http.so input_file.so /usr/local/lib/
$ sudo cp -R www /usr/local/www
<STEP 7> INSTALL FSWEBCAM
To install the fswebcam package:
$ sudo apt-get install fswebcam
<STEP 8> START THE CAMERA
Now, it's time to start the webcam:
$ cd
$ mkdir /tmp/stream
$ fswebcam -l 1 -b --no-banner --save /tmp/stream/pic.jpg
-> fswebcam also provides several other options. For more info, enter following command: $ fswebcam --help
<STEP 9> START MJPG-STREAMER
Almost Done! Now, webcam started capturing images in loop. To start MJPG-Streamer, enter the following
command in terminal:
$ LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib mjpg_streamer -i "input_file.so -f /home/pi/tmp/stream -n pic.jpg"
-o "output_http.so -w /usr/local/www"
<STEP 10> WATCH THE STREAM
To watch live stream on same raspberry pi, visit http://localhost:8080 in your web browser. To watch it
from any other device i.e. computer or smartphone, visit http://<IP-address>:8080 from your web browser.
You can find the IP address used by Raspberry Pi from your router's homepage. Click on stream on the
webpage and your streaming will be live. All Done! Just relax and enjoy the live stream.
<STEP 11> CLEANUP
After everything is working fine, we can remove the source files:
$ cd ../../
$ rm -rf mjpg-streamer-182
< BONUS > SCRIPT TO AUTO LIVE STREAM AT STARTUP
Run the start_live_stream.sh script on the startup to live stream from your webcam. You can run this script
by executing the following command on the terminal:
$ ./start_live_stream.sh
< BONUS > STOP THE LIVE STREAM
To stop the live stream, we need to kill two processes- fswebcam and mjpg_streamer. Run the following
commands at the terminal, to find the Process ID's(PID) of the two processes:
$ ps -e | grep mjpg_streamer
$ ps -e | grep fswebcam
Above two commands will list the PID's of both the processes. Output of these commands will look like this:
17306 pts/1 00:00:00 mjpg_streamer
15982 ? 00:00:01 fswebcam
Now to kill both the processes:
$ sudo kill <PID_of_mjpg-streamer>
$ sudo kill <PID_of_fswebcam>