Inception 100/100

Table of Contents

• Project Overview
• Guidelines
• Mandatory Features
• Execution
• To Study

Overview

The Inception project involves setting up a small infrastructure using Docker and Docker Compose within a Virtual Machine, with a focus on learning how to manage multiple services—such as NGINX, WordPress, and MariaDB—each running in dedicated containers, all orchestrated by Docker Compose.

Guidelines

Setup and Structure:

• All project files must be inside a srcs directory.
• A Makefile is required at the root level to build and run the entire application.
• Use Docker Compose to manage your services, with each service having its own Dockerfile.
• Containers should use the latest stable version of Alpine or Debian.

Forbidden:

• Using pre-built Docker images from Docker Hub.
• Infinite loops or hacky patches in the entrypoint of the Dockerfile.
• Storing passwords or sensitive information directly in Dockerfiles.

Allowed:

• Environment variables stored in a .env file.
• Docker secrets for managing sensitive data.
• Custom domain setup, e.g., login.42.fr, pointing to your local IP.

Features

• NGINX service: Configured with TLSv1.2 or TLSv1.3.
• WordPress service: Running with php-fpm, without NGINX.
• MariaDB service: Configured separately, without NGINX.
• TLS/SSL configured via NGINX as the single entry point through port 443.
• Dedicated volumes for WordPress files and database.

Execution

To build and run the project, navigate to the root directory and run:

make

Tests

TLS/SSL:

openssl s_client -connect localhost:443
# Look in the output for the line with “Protocol” followed by the type of protocol used
# If you try any other port, the output should be an error

PORTS: nginx connects to wordpress via port 9000

docker exec -it nginx nc -zv wordpress 9000
# [SUCCESS MESSAGE]: Connection to wordpress (xxx.x.x.x) 9000 port [tcp/*] succeeded!
# [ERROR MESSAGE]: OCI runtime exec failed: exec failed: unable to start container process: exec: "nc"...
# If the error occurs, it means netcat isn't installed in the Docker container. To resolve this, run:
docker exec -it nginx bash
apt-get update && apt-get install -y netcat
docker exec -it nginx nc -zv wordpress 9000
exit
# Now, try the initial command again:
docker exec -it nginx nc -zv wordpress 9000

wordpress connects to mariadb via port 3306

docker exec -it wordpress nc -zv mariadb 3306
# [SUCCESS MESSAGE]: Connection to mariadb (xxx.x.x.x) 3306 port [tcp/mysql] succeeded!
# [ERROR MESSAGE]: OCI runtime exec failed: exec failed: unable to start container process: exec: "nc"...
# If the error occurs, it means netcat isn't installed in the Docker container. To resolve this, run:
docker exec -it wordpress bash
apt-get update && apt-get install -y netcat
docker exec -it wordpress nc -zv mariadb 3306
exit
# Now, try the initial command again:
docker exec -it wordpress nc -zv mariadb 3306

MARIADB:

docker exec -it mariadb bash
mariadb
SHOW DATABASES;
USE <database_name>;
SHOW TABLES;
SELECT * FROM <table_name>;

Links to Study

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