Overview

1. Types of Maps (Chaining vs Open Address)

• now while constructing the map, since keys are unique they need to be
  allocated in their correct places
• this is handled by the hash of the key
• hash is the integer representation of an object, this representation can be small or large
• most common map implementations, use a hash function on top of the hash to scale the number
  to fit the map, thereby finding the location in the map where the key can be placed
• Now this leads to interesting scenarios, because, more than 1 key can have the same hash
• but we need the uniqueness to be maintained at a key level
• So, this leads to what we call as collision of keys
• There are multiple ways of handling collisions, but I will be using Map implementations which handle collisions using:
  a) Chaining: If a colliding key is found, then, the keys are placed in a LinkedList or List, and then uniqueness
  is defined for each element of the list
  b) Open Addressing: If a colliding key is found, then, the key is placed in the next available open slot

2. Implement Bag

• Bag or a MultiSet, is similar to a shopping bag or a basket, where for 1 article there can be 1 or more quantity
• Example: 12 Apples, 6 Bananas, 1 Orange, etc
• At the end of the day all we need is a Mapping of an article/object to the quantity
• Let us develop it using TDD approaches. We are going to use the ObjectIntMap from Eclipse Collections
• The ObjectIntMap is interesting because it gives us some API which we will look in a bit
• But more importantly the value is an int, as in a primitive Java int, so we avoid the burden of boxing and unboxing and save memory
• Alright, enough of me talking, let us start with some code. We will develop this using TDD approach. So first, what do I need?
• Yes let us create a BagTest

3. Implement Bag specific API
   • getOccurrences
   • add
   • addOccurrences
   • remove
   • removeOccurrences

Quick Recap of what we did so far:

• Implemented a wrapper on top of a Map which will store Key to Count relationship
• This wrapper is called as a Bag or a MultiSet
• Implemented basic API like add(), addOccurrences(), remove(), removeOccurrences()
• Tested that it works
• Next steps... Take a look at the Bag specific API in Eclipse Collections: http://www.eclipse.org/collections/javadoc/9.2.0/org/eclipse/collections/api/bag/Bag.html
• Other libraries like: Guava, Trove, etc. also have Bag implementations

4. Implement Multimap
5. Initialization and null safety for values
6. How to preserve backing collection semantics with minimal code
7. Implement Multimap specific API
   • put/add
   • putAll/addAll
   • remove
   • removeAll

Recap:

• Implemented 2 Multimaps (or MultiValuedMaps) where the value collections were either List or Set
• Centralized the common code such that the List and Set backed implementations were cleaner
• Possible to further change it by using default methods
• Removal is as complicated as addition
• Take care of the initialization and null safety

If time permits

8. add vs put? How to name?